Asthma
Asthma
Definition of Asthma
Asthma is a condition where the airways are narrowed because hyperactivity to certain stimuli, which cause inflammation and temporary narrowing.
Cause of Asthma
According to The Lung Association, there are two factors that trigger asthma:
A. Triggers (trigger) that resulted in disruption of the respiratory tract and
resulting in tightening or narrowing of the airways (Bronchoconstriction) but does not cause inflammation, such as:
- Changes in weather and temperature.
- Stimulate something that is an allergen, such as cigarette smoke, pollen, dust, animal dander, smoke, cold air and exercise, insecticides, dust, air pollution and pets.
- Respiratory tract infections.
- Disorders of emotion.
- Physical work or exercise excessively.
2. Cause (inducer) that mast cells throughout the bronchi release material such as histamine and leukotrienes in response to foreign substances (allergens), such as pollen, fine dust contained in the house or fur, which leads to:
- Smooth muscle contraction
- Increased mucus formation
- Transfer of certain white blood cells into the bronchi that result in inflammation (inflammation) of the respiratory tract where this will reduce the diameter of the airways (called bronchoconstriction) and this causes narrowing of the patient should exert every effort in order to breathe.
Clinical Overview of Asthma
- Shortness of breath on asthma typical wheezing sound with difficulty due to expiration.
- The state is characterized by severe shortness jealous auxiliary muscles breathing and cyanosis known as status asthmaticus can be fatal.
- Dyspnoea in the morning and throughout the night, after physical exercise (especially during cold weather), associated with upper respiratory tract infection, associated with exposure to allergens such as pollen and fur animals.
- A cough that long in the morning and late at night, associated with irritating factors, the cough may be dry, but often there is a clear mucous excreted from the respiratory tract.
Diagnosis of Asthma
Diagnosis of asthma can sometimes be established on the basis of anamnesis and auscultation. In end-expiratory wheezing almost always a sign of illness obstructive pulmonary disease such as asthma. In the mild asthma, almost always normal auscultation when the patient is asymptomatic.
Managementof Asthma
- The originator of the attack whenever possible factor is eliminated.
- In mild attacks can be given an injection of adrenalin 1: 1000 0.2 to 0.3 ml subcutaneously may be repeated several times with intervals of 10-15 minutes. Child dose 0.01 mg / kg body weight which can be repeated with attention to blood pressure, pulse and respiratory function.
- Bronchodilators are elected theophylline 100-150 mg 3 times daily in people adults and 10-15 mg / kg daily for children.
- Other options: Salbutamol 2-4 mg 3 times daily for adults
- Ephedrine 10-15 mg three times daily can be used to increase the efficacy theofilin.
- Prednisone is only required if the above medications do not help and given several days to prevent status asthmaticus. However administration should not be too late.
- Patients with status asthmaticus requiring oxygen therapy, parenteral and intensive care so that early action should be referred to as the following:
• Patients infused glucose 5%
Aminophylline 5-6 mg / kg was injected iv slowly if the person is not received oral theophylline.
• Prednisone 10-20 mg 2 times daily for several days, then lowered the dose that can be stopped as soon as possible.
• If you have not been addressed by adrenaline, it can be used first adrenalin.
