Hepatitis
HEPATITIS VIRUSDefinition Acute Viral Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver due to infection by one of the five viral hepatitis (virus A, B, C, D or E); inflammation emergent arrived and lasted only for a few weeks.
CauseHepatitis A, B, C, D, E.Clinical- Symptoms usually appear suddenly, such as:§ decreased appetite§ feel unwell§ nausea§ vomiting§ fever.- Sometimes there arises joint pain and urticaria (itchy skin), especially if cause is infection by the hepatitis B virus- A few days later, the urine turns a darker color and raised yellow (jaundice). At this time the other symptoms disappeared and the patient feel better, despite worsening jaundice.- Can symptoms of cholestasis (bile flow interruption or reduction) in the form of pale stools and itching all over the body.- Jaundice usually peaked at week 1-2, then disappeared at week 2-4.
Diagnosis- The diagnosis is based on symptoms and the results of blood tests to liver function.- On physical examination, liver palpable soft and sometimes a bit bigger.- The diagnosis must be obtained if the blood tests found viral proteins or antibodies against the hepatitis virus.
ManagementTreatment:- In case of severe acute hepatitis, then the patient is treated at home sick, but usually hepatitis A do not require special treatment.- After a few days, appetite reappeared and the patient does not need undergo bed rest. Food and activities the patient does not need to be limited and do not need extra vitamins.- Most patients can return to work after the jaundice disappeared, although the results have not been completely normal liver function.
Prevention:- Good hygiene can help prevent the spread of viral hepatitis A. Highly infectious feces. On the other hand, the patient does not need to be sequestered; exile in few patients only help the spread of hepatitis A, butdid not prevent the spread of hepatitis B and C.- The possibility of transmission of infection through blood transfusion can be reduced using blood that has been filtered to hepatitis B and C.- Hepatitis B Vaccination stimulates the formation of immune and provide effective protection.- Hepatitis A vaccine is given to people who are at risk high, such as the travelers who visit areas where the disease are found.- For hepatitis C, D and E have not found a vaccine.- For those who have not been vaccinated but has been exposed to hepatitis, can get the preparation of antibodies for protection, the serum globulin. Provision of antibodies aimed at providing immediate protection against hepatitis virus.- To the infants born to mothers with hepatitis B immune granted globulin hepatitis B and hepatitis B. This combination can prevent occurrence of chronic hepatitis B in approximately 70% of infants.
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