avian influenza

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Definition avian influenza
Bird flu (avian influenza) is an acute infectious disease caused by virus, which generally attacks the birds and can also be transmitted from birds to humans. 
avian influenza

Cause avian influenza
Type A influenza virus subtype H5N1 Modes of Transmission Transmission of the disease to humans can be through: a. Animals: direct contact with sick birds or poultry products  b. Environment: air or contaminated equipment such viruses either derived from poultry feces or secretions of the bird flu virus (AI) c. Man: very limited and inefficient (the discovery of several cases in the group / cluster) d. Consumption of poultry products that have not cooked to perfection potential transmission of avian influenza virus. 


The clinical overview of avian influenza
The average incubation period of three (1-7 days). Time of transmission to humans is 1 day before and 3-5 days after onset of symptoms, while infection in children can reach 21 days. Symptoms like the common cold, marked with sudden onset of fever (temperature • 38C), cough, runny nose, sore throat, shortness, headache, malaise, vomiting, diarrhea and muscle pain. 

Diagnosis of avian influenza
A. Suspected bird flu If fever (temperature • 38C) accompanied by one or more of the following symptoms: - Cough - Sore throat - Colds - Shortness of breath,
Accompanied by one or more of the following exposures within 7 days before onset of symptoms:
  • Close contact (within 1 meter), such as caring, talking, or contact with the patient suspect (suspect), or cases of H5N1 probabel which has been confirmed.
  • EXPOSED (eg handling, slaughtering, plucking, cutting, prepared for consumption) to poultry, wild birds, carrion birds or the environment contaminated by poultry droppings were in areas where infection with H5N1 in animals or humans have been suspected or confirmed in the past month.
  • Consuming raw poultry products are not cooked or perfect in areas that are suspected or confirmed animal or humans infected with H5N1 in the past month.
  • Close contact with other animals (other than poultry or other birds), for example, cats or pigs that have been confirmed infected with H5N1. 
  •  Holding / handle samples (animal or human) suspected  the H5N1 virus in a laboratory or other places
  • Found leukopenia (below normal value: 5000 - 10,000).  
  • Found with the titer of antibodies against H5 HI test checks to erythrocytes using the horse or the ELISA test for influenza A without a sub-type.  
  • Chest X-ray showed pneumonia that rapidly deteriorates on serial photo. 

2. Patients (confirmation) of bird flu If the suspect with one of the positive results following the implemented at the national influenza laboratories, regional or international the results of H5N1nya recognized by WHO as a confirmation: - Isolation of influenza A/H5N1 virus positive - The results of PCR positive influenza A/H5N1 - • 4-fold increase in titer of neutralizing antibodies to H5N1 specimens compared with the acute convalescent specimens (taken 7 days setting onset of disease), and neutralizing antibody titer must also • 1/80).
- H5N1 antibody titers mikronetralisasi • 1/80 in serum specimens taken on day 14 after onset of disease with positive results of the Other serological tests, such as HI titers of horse red blood cells • 1/160 orH5 specific western blot positive.

Management of avian influenza
a. Bird flu suspects given oseltamivir 75 mg 2 x daily for 5 days.Dose according to body weight child (age> 1 year: 2mg/kgBB), thenreferred to the bird flu referral hospitalsb. Provision should follow an agreed scoring system
c. Any provision of oseltamivir should be by prescription and are recorded and reported in accordance with the format provided.d. Oseltamivir is not recommended for prophylaxis and administration by physician.

Prevention of avian influenza
Prevention efforts carried out by avoiding materials contaminated with poultry feces and secretions, with the following:
  • Any person associated with that materials derived from the gastrointestinal tract poultry should wear protection (masks, goggles)
  • Material from the gastrointestinal tract such as poultry feces should be managed well (planted / burned) in order not to be a source of infection for the surrounding
  • The tools used in animal husbandry should be washed with disinfectant
  • Cages and feces should not be removed from the farm location
  • Consumption of chicken meat has been cooked at a temperature of at least 80C for 1 min, while the eggs of poultry need to be heated at a temperature 64C for 5 minutes
  • Maintain cleanliness of the environment
  • Maintain personal hygiene
  • For those who are not interested, banned from entering the farm
  • When being exposed to influenza are prohibited from entering the farm.
  • If you are planting is required to use manure using gloves and masks
  • Each farm workers, cutting poultry and poultry handlers exposed to influenza immediately to a health clinic or other health services