Snakebite
Definition of SnakebiteA condition caused by the bite of a poisonous snake.
Cause of Snakebite
Broadly venomous snakes can be classified into 3 groups:Colubridae (Mangroce cat snake, Boiga dendrophilia, etc.)Elapidae (King cobra, Blue coral snake, Sumatran spitting cobra, etc.) Viperidae (Borneo green piton viper, Sumatran pit viper, etc.).
Clinical of Snakebite
- Generally not poisonous snake bites, such as water snakes and only requires governance is simple. However, when the snakes are not known, it should be prevention efforts with Snake Serum Anti Could polyvalent.- The possibility is suspected when there is a history of snakebite.- Patients may:§ Looks bluish§ Fainting§ Paralyzed§ Shortness of breath
Effects caused by snake bites can be divided into three:1. Local effects.Some species such as coral snakes, Krait will give the effect of a rather difficult to be detected and only minor but some species bite can produce substantial effects such as swelling, blisters, bleeding, bruising to necrosis. What must be aware of is secondary hypovolemic shock caused by the migration of vascular fluid into the tissue due to the systemic effects of the venom.
2. Systemic EffectsSnakebite will produce non-specific effects such as headache, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea until the patient becomes collapsed. Symptom found such as an alarm for health workers to give help soon.
3. Specific systemic effects
Specific systemic effects can be divided by:
• coagulopathy
Several species of snakes can cause coagulopathy. Signs clinical signs that can be found are continuous bleeding from the site of the bite, gums and venipuncture from when developing will cause hematuria, haematomesis, melena, and coughing up blood.
• neurotoxic
This snake bites can cause flaccid paralysis. This is usually Hazardous in case of respiratory paralysis. Usually the signs who first encountered was the cranial nerves such as ptosis, oftalmoplegia progressive when it did not receive anti-venom will happen limb weakness and respiratory paralysis. Usually full paralysisit will take 12 + hours, in some cases used to be faster, 3 hours after the bite.
• Miotoksisitas
Miotoksisitas only be found when someone is attacked or bitten by a sea serpent. Snakes on land that is normally not a miotoksisitas cause severe. Symptoms and signs are:muscle pain, tenderness, mioglobinuria and the potential for failure, kidney, hyperkalemia and cardiotoxicity.
Diagnosis of snake bites
A history of bites with symptoms / signs of venomous snake bites in the form of securities local (the bite) as well as systemic effects and specific systemic effects.
Management of snake bites
First aid in snake bite:
- If the bitten limb, use a swivel cord cross next to the wound. Turn the rope so tight until the pulse at the end of the members almost not palpable. Ties loosened every 15 minutes for 1 minute.
- If the bite occurs in less than half an hour, make an incision place cross bite until blood came out and suck it with vacuum, do not ever with mouth.
- If available, injections of serum Anti Could Snake and polyvalent iv around the wound
- ATS procain 900 000 IU of penicillin and can be considered as prophylaxis.
- The general symptoms such as shock, paralysis and shortness of breath, the patient should refer immediately to the hospital.
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